Which of the following is a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides?

Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, are well-known for their potential to cause ototoxicity. This adverse effect arises from damage to the hair cells in the inner ear, leading to hearing loss or balance issues. Ototoxicity can be particularly pronounced with prolonged use, high doses, or in patients with pre-existing hearing issues or renal impairment where drug elimination may be impaired.

While nephrotoxicity is also a known adverse effect of aminoglycosides, it is less specific and not as common as ototoxicity. Allergic reactions and bone marrow suppression are notably less frequently associated with aminoglycosides compared to ototoxicity, making the latter a hallmark concern for clinicians when prescribing this class of antibiotics. Thus, ototoxicity is the correct answer, representing a key adverse effect that requires monitoring during aminoglycoside therapy.