What is the recommended treatment for Toxoplasmosis?

The recommended treatment for Toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients and those with reactivation of the disease (such as in immunocompromised individuals like those with HIV) typically involves the combination of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which is crucial for the synthesis of folate in the Toxoplasma gondii organism. Sulfadiazine, a sulfonamide, also contributes to the treatment by acting as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme involved in folate synthesis, enhancing the efficacy of Pyrimethamine.

The combined use of these two medications effectively targets the life cycle of the parasite, reducing parasitic load and helping to control the infection. Treatment often also includes leucovorin (folinic acid) to mitigate the myelosuppressive effects of Pyrimethamine.

This specific regimen is well-supported in clinical guidelines for the treatment of Toxoplasmosis, particularly in cases related to HIV/AIDS, where prophylaxis is indicated for individuals with a CD4 count below 100 cells/mm³.

While other options present different antibiotics, they are not indicated for the treatment of Toxoplasmosis and lack