What is the first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

The first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in otherwise healthy adults typically involves using a macrolide, such as azithromycin, or a respiratory fluoroquinolone, along with a beta-lactam antibiotic like ceftriaxone. This combination effectively targets the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for CAP, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

In contrast, other options proposed are not standard first-line therapies for CAP. While doxycycline or moxifloxacin could serve as alternatives if the patient has specific factors, they are not as broadly recommended as the combination of azithromycin and ceftriaxone in treatment guidelines. The pairing of vancomycin and zosyn is more suitable for hospital-acquired pneumonia or severe cases involving multi-drug-resistant organisms, not the typical outpatient settings. Lastly, amoxicillin is commonly used in mild cases, but nitrofurantoin is primarily indicated for urinary tract infections rather than pneumonia. Therefore, the answer affirmed reflects current practices for effective treatment of CAP in community settings.